I don’t need studies to tell me that States with mandated SIMPLE IRA programs for employers who don’t have a plan will spur the adoption of private retirement plans. There is no crowd in effect, the fact is that people are wary of the government’s role in retirement plans.
Being forced to proceed with a plan, they will pick a 401(k) plan or join a Pooled Employer Plan because participants can save more and they don’t trust the government. It’s that simple.